Ghazi Habibullah Kalakani
Ghazi Habībullāh Kalakānī (c. 1890 – 13 October 1929), (حبیبالله کلکانی) also known as Habībullāh Kalakani
was Emir of Afghanistan from 17 January to 13 October 1929. He named himself Habībullāh
Khādem-e Dīn-e Rasūlallāh ("The servant of the religion of the messenger of God"). He became emir for a
few months in 1929 by deposing Amānullāh Khān with the help of various Pashtun tribes who opposed
the King's rapid modernization plans.[1] He was himself overthrown and executed on 17 October 1929
by the army of Mohammed Nadir Khan. he is still remembered and respected as a rightful king. Additionally,
he is also celebrated by the famous poet Khalīlallāh Khalīlī in his masterpiece Hero of Khorasan
("Ayyār-e az Khorāsān").
SHAHADAT OF THE HERO
It is said that in Jabulsaraj, Nadir Shah sent a message to Habībullāh Ghazi sealed in a Q'uran, that read: "Come to the government. The government regards you and your friends, you receive general forgiveness from the Royal government of Afghanistan".
The mediator between Habībullāh and Nadir Shah was the Hazrati Shourbazari Kabul, a clergyman well-regarded by Afghanistan's citizens.
Habībullāh again gathered his friends and displayed the Quran and Nadir Shah's letter to them and waited to hear their reply. Their answer was negative because they did not trust Nadir Shah, whom they considered to be treacherous.
When Habībullāh came in front of Nadir Khan, he took the Royal position and pulled out the Royal seal from his pocket and said: "Oh God you are witness I kept and used this deposit honestly, while I was in power in Afghanistan. Now Nadir Khan is in my place. Oh God, you are witness, I return this deposit safe to him. I hope Nadir Khan is able to keep it safe and use it to the sake of the people of Afghanistan." Then Habībullāh turned his face to Nadir Khan and said: "I do not fear for myself, but do not be cruel to my friends."He was later taken to the execution ground and executed on 13 October 1929. While he prepared for the execution, he knelt down and prayed. Habībullāh looked up to the sky and said "Oh God, I have nothing to ask from you, you have given me everything that, I have wanted, you made me Amir...". He was then executed by firing squad.
KINGSHIP
His first order was to change the western attire back to traditional clothing and to remove all the flowers from the presidential grounds and plant vegetables instead. He closed down all Western Education centre.By September 1929, Amanullah Khan had stopped in Kandahar to regroup his followers and recalled his top general, Mohammad Nadir Khan, from Europe. General Nadir Khan's army breezed through the west and southern Afghanistan. They had British weapons as well as money to pay volunteers to join the army.Furthermore, the British furnished Nadir Khan with troops consisting of 1000 young people from tribal Waziristan and southern parts of Afghanistan. The troops fast approached Kabul.The only man whom Habībullāh feared was coming for him. By October 1929, Kabul was surrounded by the forces of Nadir Khan, and he escaped from Kabul towards his village in Kalakān as a fugitive fearing for his life.
